It's hard to be sure how this will play out; we still haven't seen people exploiting MEV on chains using Account Abstraction.

Most searchers sending bundles today use smart contracts to move assets; it's not clear yet how account abstraction may change their experience.

What will the bundler ecosystem look like in AA?

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What will the bundler ecosystem look like in Account Abstraction?

What is the technical difference between Solidity -> Cairo transpiler and ZK-EVM Kakarot for StarkNet? Both of them interpret Solidity into Cairo and it can help Solidity developers to use StarkNet. 

But really, how does [Kakarot](https://github.com/sayajin-labs/kakarot) compare to [Nethermind's Warp](https://github.com/NethermindEth/warp)?

What is the technical difference of Kakarot compare to Nethermind's Warp?

Starknet is using which oracle service provider?

_This question was originally posted on [StarkNet Discord](https://www.newton.so/view?tags=discord)_

Which oracle service provider is StarkNet using?

hi, i used the starkgate bridge from stark to eth one hour ago. Withdrawal has not occurred yet. How many hours does the process take? My tx hash is: <address>cfa0c02d013658804505506

_This question was originally posted on [StarkNet Discord](https://www.newton.so/view?tags=discord)_

How many time does it take for stark to eth starkgate bridge process?

How can I connect a predeployed StarkNet account in Starknet-devnet using starknetjs. Is there any difference with connect an existing account (in any network)?

How can I connect a StarkNet account using starknetjs?

Hello! This is day 12 of the 17 days of the Cairo Challenge. And I have no idea how to solve the [playground](https://www.cairo-lang.org/playground/) exercise “Structs.  Perhaps you can help me?

```
// In this challenge you're going to implement a stack using a linked list.
//
// Add the missing code so that main() runs successfully.

from starkware.cairo.common.registers import get_fp_and_pc

struct Node {
    // A pointer to the next node in the stack.
    next: Node*,

    // The value of the node.
    value: felt,

    // The number of elements in the stack.
    size: felt,
}

// Returns an empty stack.
func empty_stack() -> (stack: Node*) {
    alloc_locals;
    local new_node: Node;
    assert new_node.next = cast(0, Node*);
    assert new_node.value = 0;
    assert new_node.size = 0;

    // The usage of get_fp_and_pc() here is necessary in order
    // to access the address of a local variable (&new_node).
    // You can read more about get_fp_and_pc() [here](https://cairo-lang.org/docs/how_cairo_works/functions.html#retrieving-registers).
    let (local __fp__, _) = get_fp_and_pc();
    return (stack=&new_node);
}

// Adds a node to the top of the stack.
// Returns the updated stack (since Cairo is immutable, you can still use the
// old copy of the stack).
func push(stack: Node*, value: felt) -> (stack: Node*) {
    alloc_locals;
    local new_node: Node;
    // Fix and uncomment below.
    // assert new_node.next = ...
    // assert new_node.value = ...
    // assert new_node.size = ...

    let (__fp__, _) = get_fp_and_pc();
    return (stack=&new_node);
}

// Removes the top element of the stack.
// Returns the updated stack and the element that was removed.
func pop(stack: Node*) -> (stack: Node*, value: felt) {
    return (stack=stack.next, value=stack.value);
}

// Returns the value of the n-th element from the top of the stack.
func stack_at(stack: Node*, n: felt) -> (value: felt) {
    if (n == 0) {
        // Add your code here.
    }

    // Add your code here.
}

func main() -> () {
    alloc_locals;
    // Start with an empty stack.
    let (stack) = empty_stack();
    // Push 1, 10, 100.
    let (stack) = push(stack, 1);
    let (stack) = push(stack, 10);
    let (local stack) = push(stack, 100);

    // Check the size of the stack.
    assert stack.size = 3;

    // Query the stack at indices 0, 1 and 2.
    let (value) = stack_at(stack, 0);
    assert value = 100;
    let (value) = stack_at(stack, 1);
    assert value = 10;
    let (value) = stack_at(stack, 2);
    assert value = 1;

    // Pop the top 2 values (100 and 10) and push 1000.
    let (stack, value) = pop(stack);
    assert value = 100;
    let (stack, value) = pop(stack);
    assert value = 10;
    let (local stack) = push(stack, 1000);

    // Query the stack at indices 0 and 1.
    let (value) = stack_at(stack, 0);
    assert value = 1000;
    let (value) = stack_at(stack, 1);
    assert value = 1;

    return ();
}
```

---

> Answers to this question are a part of the ✨ 17 days of Cairo Lang with Playground & Newton. ✨
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What will the bundler ecosystem look like in Account Abstraction?

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